Metal Education
Gold
What is White Gold?
White gold is an alloy made by mixing pure gold with white metals like nickel, palladium, or silver, giving it a silvery hue. It is typically plated with rhodium to enhance its color and durability.
How is White Gold Made?
Pure gold is combined with white metals and then rhodium-plated for a brighter finish and added protection.
14K vs 18K White Gold
- 14K white gold: 58.3% pure gold, more durable due to higher alloy content.
- 18K white gold: 75% pure gold, richer but softer and more prone to wear.
Common Alloys
Nickel and palladium are the primary metals used to create white gold. Nickel can cause allergic reactions, making palladium a hypoallergenic alternative.
Durability and Longevity
14K white gold is more durable than 18K due to its higher alloy content. With proper care, white gold can last decades, though rhodium plating may need to be reapplied periodically.
Care Instructions
- Clean with mild soap and water.
- Avoid harsh chemicals.
- Re-plate with rhodium as needed to maintain its finish.
What is 14K and 18K Yellow Gold?
- 14K yellow gold: 58.3% pure gold, combined with copper and silver for a warm tone.
- 18K yellow gold: 75% pure gold, giving it a richer color but softer and more prone to scratches.
Durability and Longevity 14K yellow gold is more durable and resistant to scratches than 18K gold. Both types can last a lifetime with proper care.
Care Instructions
- Clean with soapy water and a soft cloth.
- Store separately to prevent scratches.
- Polish occasionally to maintain shine.
Palladium
Palladium vs. Platinum
Palladium is a naturally bright, hypoallergenic white metal, similar to platinum but lighter and more affordable. Unlike white gold, it doesn’t need rhodium plating.
Skin Sensitivity
Palladium is hypoallergenic and an excellent choice for those with sensitive skin.
Platinum
What is Platinum?
Platinum is a heavy, dense white metal, 60% heavier than palladium and 30% heavier than white gold. It is highly durable and hypoallergenic.
Why is Platinum More Expensive?
Platinum is rarer and denser than gold, requiring more material and labor to craft, contributing to its higher cost.
Durability and Longevity
Platinum’s durability makes it ideal for everyday wear. It develops a patina over time, adding character without compromising strength.
Care Instructions
- Clean with mild soap and water.
- Polish to maintain shine or let the patina develop naturally.
Other Metals
Sterling Silver
What is 925 Silver?
Sterling silver is 92.5% pure silver mixed with copper for added strength. It tarnishes over time due to oxidation.
Preventing Tarnish
- Store in airtight containers or use anti-tarnish cloths.
- Clean with silver polish
Durability and Longevity
Sterling silver is relatively durable but can scratch easily. With proper care, it can last a lifetime.
Care Instructions
- Use a polishing cloth to remove tarnish.
- Avoid exposure to harsh chemicals.
Nickel
Most Common Metal Allergy
Nickel is the most common cause of metal allergies, leading to skin irritation in sensitive individuals.
Metals Containing Nickel
White gold and some lower-quality stainless steel alloys can contain nickel, which can trigger allergies.
Avoiding Nickel
Opt for nickel-free options like palladium, platinum, or titanium to avoid allergic reactions.
Stainless Steel vs. Surgical Steel
Stainless Steel
A general term for a steel alloy containing chromium, which resists rust and corrosion. It is durable and commonly used in everyday items.
Surgical Steel
Surgical steel, particularly grades 316L and 316LVM, is a type of stainless steel used for medical implants. It is highly resistant to corrosion and biocompatible, making it safe for long-term contact with the body.
Tungsten
Tungsten is a man-made, scratch-resistant, and durable metal that is hypoallergenic and tarnish-resistant. However, it is heavy and brittle, making resizing and engraving difficult.
Titanium
Best Metal for Severe Nickel Allergy
Titanium is nickel-free and hypoallergenic, making it ideal for those with metal sensitivities. It is durable, lightweight, and available in polished or matte finishes.
Rhodium
What is Rhodium?
Rhodium is a rare, silver-white metal used for plating jewelry to enhance brightness and durability. It provides a protective layer that is hypoallergenic and scratch-resistant.
Why is Rhodium Expensive?
Rhodium is one of the rarest metals, but only a thin layer is needed for plating, making rhodium-plated jewelry more affordable than solid rhodium.
Care Instructions
- Clean gently with mild soap and water.
- Re-plate as needed to maintain the reflective finish.